缓激肽是激肽释放酶-激肽系统 (KKS) 的成员，是一种有效的短寿命血管活性肽，在许多信号机制中充当血管扩张剂和炎症介质。缓激肽诱导的信号转导是通过激肽 B1 (BDKRB1) 和 B2 (BDKRB2) 跨膜受体与 G 蛋白的不同亚基（G αi /G α0、G αq和 G β1γ2 ）偶联介导的). 缓激肽介导的信号机制激活过多的促炎细胞因子，包括 IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8 和 IL-2。这些细胞因子的上调对广泛的临床状况有影响，例如导致纤维化的炎症、心血管疾病，以及最近的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)。在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中，缓激肽被发现水平升高，据报道会引发多种症状。所有这些都将缓激肽作为具有巨大治疗价值的分子带到了核心点。我们对其参与各种途径的理解随着时间的推移而扩展。所以，有必要审视通过破译与病理状况有关的缓激肽介导的信号机制而取得的发展所呈现的整体情况。它将有助于制定策略，以开发更好的相关疾病治疗方式。这篇综述总结了在上述各种情况下缓激肽介导的信号传导的当前知识状态，特别强调了靶向缓激肽受体的治疗潜力。
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A comprehensive review on current understanding of bradykinin in COVID-19 and inflammatory diseases
Bradykinin, a member of the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS), is a potent, short-lived vasoactive peptide that acts as a vasodilator and an inflammatory mediator in a number of signaling mechanisms. Bradykinin induced signaling is mediated through kinin B1 (BDKRB1) and B2 (BDKRB2) transmembrane receptors coupled with different subunits of G proteins (Gαi/Gα0, Gαq and Gβ1γ2). The bradykinin-mediated signaling mechanism activates excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-2. Upregulation of these cytokines has implications in a wide range of clinical conditions such as inflammation leading to fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, and most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In SARS-CoV-2 infection, bradykinin is found to be at raised levels and is reported to trigger a diverse array of symptoms. All of this brings bradykinin to the core point as a molecule of immense therapeutic value. Our understanding of its involvement in various pathways has expanded with time. Therefore, there is a need to look at the overall picture that emerges from the developments made by deciphering the bradykinin mediated signaling mechanisms involved in the pathological conditions. It will help devise strategies for developing better treatment modalities in the implicated diseases. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on bradykinin mediated signaling in the diverse conditions described above, with a marked emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the bradykinin receptor.